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Courses and Tutorials: The Evolution of Video Technology http://www.techonline.com/learning/course/100194 Learning by Simulation: A/D Conversion http://www.vias.org/simulations/simusoft_adconversion.html Understanding analog to digital converter specifications http://www.embedded.com/columns/technicalinsights/60403334?_requestid=250841 Fundamentals of Digital Systems http://www.techonline.com/article/showCourse.jhtml?courseID=100175 RF Basics Course (FREE!) http://www.techonline.com/learning/course/100430N What is an RF Front End? http://www.rfdesignline.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=206103878 Radio Architectures, Pt 4: sensitivity, noise, front-end amplifiers: http://www.rfdesignline.com/howto/206903876How Video Compression Works http://www.dspdesignline.com/howto/201202637Video Compression Standards http://www.techonline.com/learning/course/100199 Television Production http://www.cybercollege.com/tvp_ind.htmIndex for Free, Comprehensive Audio and Video Course http://www.cybercollege.com/tvp_ind.htm# Digital Imaging Tutorial - Cornell University http://www.library.cornell.edu/preservation/tutorial/toc.html The Art and Science of Digital Imaging http://www.epi-centre.com/basics/basics2.html Satellite Communications Courses http://www.applicationstrategy.com/education.htm Digital Television Terrestrial Broadcast Primer http://www.digitaltvdesignline.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=192200829 dB or not dB? Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Decibels But Were Afraid to Ask http://techonline.com/learning/techpaper/202802480; Educational Resources: Educational Resources for Electronics Engineering Community http://www.techonline.com Digital TV DesignLine Tech Library http://www.digitaltvdesignline.com/techlibrary/Planet Analog - Your Analog/Mixed-signal Resource http://www.planetanalog.com/index.jhtml The Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS) http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/ The Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS) Video Quality Research http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/n3/video/index.php Digital TV DesignLine http://www.digitaltvdesignline.com/ RF DesignLine http://www.rfdesignline.com/ CEknowhow training in digital imaging, tv, wireless, MP3, networking, audio, audio and mobile technology http://www.cyberscholar.com/ceknowhow/index.cfm CEA: Industry Certification Programs http://www.ce.org/Training/Industry_Programs/121.asp Fortec Star Mercury II Video Learning Series http://www.ftavideos.com/fortec/cd/index.html ATSC Standard A/81 http://www.atsc.org/standards/a81.html Digital receiver testing and operating parameters Digital Communication
Basics The basic signal processing for any digital TV or wireless application is baseband source coding/formatting, channel coding, modulation, multiplexing, signal spreading/scrambling, and timing synchronization" http://www.videsignline.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=206600019 "For operational purposes, the monitoring of analog video signal properties is still key;" and "The reason signal quality measurements work with analog and full-bandwidth digital systems is uncompressed systems are linear." And, "Signal quality of the uncompressed video remains critical in systems that use compression for several reasons: 1. The input to a video
compression codec must be accurate, in compliance with
appropriate standards, and of as high a quality as possible
to provide for efficient encoding. This leads to a strong requirement for testing of the analog and full bandwidth digital portions as well as the sophisticated compression and transmission systems." http://www.tek.com/Measurement/cgi-bin/framed.pl? "Results of RF measurements with DVB-T chip-set and comparison with ATSC performance" http://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/papers/pdffiles/crn-dvbtm.pdf "Performance Comparison of ATSC 8-VSB and DVB-T COFDM Transmission Systems for Digital Television Terrestrial Broadcasting" http://paginas.fe.up.pt/~mandrade/tvd/2003/docs/DVB/ATSC/ICCE99paper.pdf"Lab Report 98/01 Section 1: Australian Laboratory Testing of Modulation Systems" http://happy.emu.id.au/lab/rep/rep/9801/9801_001.htm#index Comparing 8-VSB and COFDM for DTV Terrestrial Broadcasting http://www.tvtechnology.com/features/On-RF/dl_8VSB_vs_cofdm_part1.shtmlATSC Standard A/81 http://www.atsc.org/standards/a81.html Noise "Noise limits the sensitivity of communications systems. RF signals are analog and, therefore, compete with noise power in a communications system. The ratio of desired signal-to-noise is an important consideration. Demodulation schemes rely on a minimum signal-to-noise ratio to recover information." http://www.techonline.com/learning/course/100430 "The most commonly used method today to compress digital video data is MPEG-2. From current satellite streams and digital cable feeds to off-the-air digital broadcasts, MPEG-2 has now been internationally adopted for a variety of applications." http://www.videsignline.com/howto/180207350 "That is, the noise becomes larger as the signal becomes larger, as shown in Fig. 25-9b. However, the signal is becoming larger faster than the noise, resulting in an overall improvement in the SNR. Don't be confused into thinking that a lower signal will provide less noise and therefore better information. Remember, your goal is not to reduce the noise, but to extract a signal from the noise. This makes the SNR the key parameter." http://www.dspguide.com/ch25/3.htm "it is always important to optimize the performance of the transmitting and receiving antennas." Definition/0,,sid7_gci213018,00.html "Further confusion comes from the fact that cable modems and digital set-top boxes (STBs) can provide digitally modulated signal operating parameters such as RF signal level and SNR. These are downstream parameters at the customer premises, not upstream parameters as is sometimes incorrectly assumed." http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/cable/ps2209/products_white_paper Radio Architectures, Pt 4: sensitivity, noise, front-end amplifiers: http://www.rfdesignline.com/howto/206903876 Avoiding Noise and EMI Problems in DSP systems http://www.embedded.com/columns/technicalinsights/205210292?pgno=3 Cable woes reiterate obvious, overlooked lessons http://www.planetanalog.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=205601564 CATV Signal to noise http://www.cctv-information.co.uk/constant2/sn_ratio.html Managing the Cable Signal Levels/Quality in a TV RF Distribution System http://www.sencore.com/newsletter/May04/signallevel.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glitch http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_figure http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio Mosquito noise: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_artifact Forward Error Correction (FEC) On Shannon and "Shannon's Formula" http://www.iet.ntnu.no/projects/beats/Documents/LarsTelektronikk02.pdf "Noise limits the sensitivity of communications systems. RF signals are analog and, therefore, compete with noise power in a communications system. The ratio of desired signal-to-noise is an important consideration. Demodulation schemes rely on a minimum signal-to-noise ratio to recover information." http://www.techonline.com/learning/course/100430 Forward Error Correction in Digital Television Broadcast Systems http://www.techonline.com/learning/techpaper/203100384 Data Compression Introduction to video compression http://www.videsignline.com/howto/185301351 Video compression artifacts and MPEG noise reduction http://www.videsignline.com/howto/180207350"Picture quality in a compressed system can change dynamically based on a combination of data rate, picture complexity, and the encoding algorithm employed." http://www.videsignline.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=205918390 MPEG In Data terms "And if we are talking data communications, higher resolution means that more information has to arrive at a destination in one second than lower resolutions." http://www.techonline.com/article/pdf/showPDF.jhtml?id=1931023401 MPEG.org - MPEG Home http://www.mpeg.org/ North American MPEG-2 Information http://www.coolstf.com/mpeg/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_compression When "Digital" Signal isn't digital... What is an RF Front End? http://www.rfdesignline.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=206103878 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signals http://www.digitaltvdesignline.com/showArticle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_to_digital_converter Bit Error Rate "In a digital system, it is simpler to measure the bit-error rate (BER) induced by noise when a signal is weak. The BER affects the data rate..." http://www.rfdesignline.com/howto/206903876What is Bit error rate? http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/B/BER.html BER Bit error rate http://www.timbercon.com/BER-Bit-Error-Rate.html "One of the changes that modern digital communications systems has brought to radio engineering is the need for end-to-end performance measurements. The measure of that performance is usually bit-error rate (BER), which quantifies the reliability of the entire radio system from “bits in” to “bits out,” including the electronics, antennas and signal path in between." Further, "With a strong signal and an unperturbed signal path, this number so small as to be insignificant. It becomes significant when we wish to maintain a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio in the presence of imperfect transmission through electronic circuitry (amplifiers, filters, mixers, and digital/analog converters) and the propagation medium (e.g. the radio path or optical fiber)." http://www.highfrequencyelectronics.com/Archives/Jan03/HFE0103_Tutorial.pdf"Even a digital data transmission system is not totally error-free – statistical fluctuations related to noise influences cause a small percentage of the transmitted bits to be corrupted. The average fraction of incorrectly transmitted bits is called the bit error rate." And "The maximum capacity of a reliable data transmission system is not reached by keeping the bit error rate at an extremely low level (basically avoiding any bit errors), but by pushing the data rate to a level where some tolerable bit error rate of e.g. 10-12 can be maintained and by detecting and correcting most of the remaining bit errors." http://www.rp-photonics.com/bit_error_rate.html BER vs. signal http://happy.emu.id.au/lab/rep/rep/9801/9801_317.htm#s3p17 Consequences of Bit Error Rate http://www.shadyislandpress.com/channels/text/demofiles/Berfx.htm Grounding Reducing Ground Bounce in DC-to-DC Converters—Some Grounding Essentials http://www.analog.com/library/analogDialogue/archives/41-06/ground_bounce.html Ham Radio Blog http://www.iw5edi.com/ham-radio/5/grounding-is-key-to-good-reception Reference ATIS Telecom Glossary 2007 http://www.atis.org/glossary/ Federal Standard 1037C: Glossary of Telecommunications Terms http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/fs-1037c.htm ATSC Standard A/81 http://www.atsc.org/standards/a81.html Miscellaneous The P's and Q's of ATV Reception http://www.ussc.com/~uarc/utah_atv/psandqs.html |
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